Free 2023 WAEC May/June Christian Religious Studies (CRS) & Islamic Studies (IRS) Questions and Answers for School Candidates | WAEC May/June Free CRS & IRS Questions and Answers EXPO Room (9th June, 2023).
2023 May/June WAEC [School Candidates] FREE CRS & IRS QUESTION ROOM
Free 2023 WAEC CRS & IRS Questions and Answers (Obj and Essay)
Friday, 9th June, 2023
Christian Religious Studies 2 (Essay) – 09:30am – 11:30am
Christian Religious Studies 1 (Objective) – 11:30am – 12:30pm
Islamic Studies 2 (Essay) – 09:30am – 11:30am
Islamic Studies 1 (Objective) – 11:30am – 12:20pm
Free 2023 WAEC CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS STUDIES (CRS) OBJECTIVES (OBJ) ANSWERS:
01-10: CBABDBDCDD
11-20: BDCCBCDAAD
21-30: CABCCCCBCC
31-40: DBDADBDDDA
41-50: DDABCADDBA
COMPLETED!!!
Answers Loading================
Free 2023 WAEC ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS STUDIES (IRS) OBJECTIVES (OBJ) ANSWERS:
01-10: ABDCBCCDAC
11-20: CBAADDAADC
21-30: ADDBCBDCBC
31-40: DACBCBBABA
41-50: CBDACDDBDD
COMPLETED!!!
Answers Loading===============
Free 2023 WAEC CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS STUDIES (CRS) ESSAY (THEORY) ANSWERS
2023 CRS ESSAY
NUMBER 1
1. (a) The events that led to the marriage between Moses and Zipporah:
After fleeing from Egypt, Moses arrived in Midian and encountered a group of shepherd girls being harassed by shepherds at a well. He intervened and helped them water their flock. The girls returned home and told their father, Jethro, about the incident. Jethro was impressed by Moses' actions and invited him to their home.
Moses accepted Jethro's invitation and stayed with him. Over time, Moses developed a close relationship with Jethro and his family. He worked as a shepherd, tending to Jethro's flock. During his stay, Moses grew fond of Jethro's daughter, Zipporah.
Moses eventually expressed his desire to marry Zipporah to Jethro, who agreed to give her in marriage. They had a wedding ceremony, and Zipporah became Moses' wife. They had two sons together, Gershom and Eliezer.
(1b) Two reasons why people seek asylum:
i. Fleeing Persecution: One of the primary reasons people seek asylum is to escape persecution in their home countries. This persecution can be based on various factors such as race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. Seeking asylum allows individuals to find safety and protection in another country.
ii . Humanitarian Reasons: People may seek asylum due to humanitarian crises, such as armed conflicts, war, or natural disasters. These situations often result in the displacement of populations and the breakdown of essential services and infrastructure. Seeking asylum provides individuals with the opportunity to find shelter, food, and medical assistance in a more stable and secure environment.
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NUMBER 2
(2a)
Solomon, the son of King David, ascended to the throne of Israel and desired to build a magnificent temple for the worship of God in Jerusalem. He sent a message to King Hiram of Tyre, a renowned Phoenician ruler known for his skill in construction and trade. Solomon expressed his admiration for Hiram's expertise and requested his assistance in the construction of the temple.
King Hiram responded positively to Solomon's request and sent his skilled craftsmen, particularly a man named Huram-Abi (also known as Hiram-Abiff), who was half-Israelite and half-Tyrean. Huram-Abi was an expert in working with bronze, and he played a crucial role in the temple's construction.
Furthermore, King Hiram provided Solomon with the necessary materials for the temple. The account in 1 Kings 5:8-11 describes how Hiram sent cedar and cypress logs from Lebanon to Jerusalem. These logs were used for the construction of the temple's structure and its interior decoration.
The relationship between Solomon and Hiram went beyond mere trade and construction. They established a friendly alliance and engaged in peaceful relations. They even exchanged gifts as a symbol of their friendship and cooperation. In 1 Kings 5:12, it is mentioned that Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand cors of wheat and twenty thousand baths of pure oil each year.
The cooperation between Tyre and Israel continued throughout the construction of the temple. Skilled Tyrean workers collaborated with Israelite craftsmen and laborers under Solomon's supervision. The temple gradually took shape and became a splendid edifice, renowned for its grandeur and magnificence.
The diplomatic relations between Tyre and Israel during Solomon's reign were vital in facilitating the construction of the temple. Tyre's contribution of skilled workers and building materials, coupled with the friendly alliance between the two kingdoms, ensured the successful completion of the project. The temple of Solomon stood as a testament to the cooperation between these two nations and served as a central place of worship for the Israelites for centuries to come.
(2b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Diplomatic relations provide a platform for dialogue and negotiations, enabling nations to resolve conflicts peacefully.
(ii) It facilitates economic cooperation between nations such as engaging countries in trade agreements, investment partnerships, and economic collaborations which foster economic growth, create employment opportunities, and enhance prosperity by promoting the exchange of goods, services, and knowledge.
(iii) It fosters cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
(iv) Diplomatic relations enable countries to collaborate on security and defense issues which helps address common security challenges, promoting stability and safeguarding national interests.
(v) Diplomatic relations allow nations to address global challenges collectively
=====================================
(3a)
According to the Bible, the events that unfolded in Judah after the death of King Josiah and led to the first deportation of the Jews are described in the books of 2 Kings, 2 Chronicles, and the writings of the prophet Jeremiah.
After the righteous reign of King Josiah, his son Jehoahaz became king. However, he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and Pharaoh Neco of Egypt deposed him after only three months, placing Jehoahaz's brother Jehoiakim on the throne.
Jehoiakim, unlike his father, turned away from the ways of God. He embraced idolatry and led the people of Judah into wickedness. He defied the commands of God and rejected the prophet Jeremiah's warnings of impending judgment.
During Jehoiakim's reign, the Babylonian Empire, under the rule of King Nebuchadnezzar, rose to power. Jehoiakim initially served as a vassal king to Babylon, paying tribute to maintain his position.
However, Jehoiakim eventually rebelled against Babylonian rule. As a result, Nebuchadnezzar sent Chaldean, Aramean, Moabite, and Ammonite troops to invade Judah. Jerusalem was besieged, and Jehoiakim died during the conflict.
Jehoiakim's son, Jehoiachin, succeeded him as king but reigned for only three months and ten days before he too was captured by Nebuchadnezzar's forces. Along with many of the leading citizens, Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon.
This marked the first deportation of the Jews, as thousands of captives from Judah were carried away to Babylon, including royal family members, skilled artisans, and military personnel. The treasures of the Temple in Jerusalem were also plundered and taken to Babylon.
These events fulfilled the prophecies of Jeremiah, who had warned of the coming judgment and captivity of Judah due to their disobedience and idolatry. The exile in Babylon would last for seventy years, as God had foretold through the prophet Jeremiah.
(3b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) High levels of economic inequality, where a significant portion of the population faces poverty, unemployment, or lack of basic resources, can lead to social tensions and unrest.
(ii) Widespread corruption, lack of transparency, and abuse of power by government officials can erode public trust and lead to civil unrest.
(iii) Deep-seated divisions based on ethnicity, religion, or race can escalate into civil unrest if not addressed properly.
(iv) Violations of human rights, such as police brutality, extrajudicial killings, or arbitrary detentions, can ignite widespread anger and fuel civil unrest.
(v) Weak or unstable governance structures, frequent changes in leadership, or ineffective governance can create an environment for civil unrest.
(vi) Severe economic downturns, high unemployment rates, or economic crises can significantly contribute to civil unrest.
(vii) Inadequate access to basic services, such as healthcare, education, clean water, or sanitation, can generate public dissatisfaction and unrest.
(5a)
After Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist, He was led by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil.
In the wilderness, Jesus fasted for forty days and nights. During this time, Satan came to Him and tempted Him three times. First, Satan tempted Jesus to turn stones into bread, appealing to His physical hunger. Jesus responded by quoting Scripture, saying, "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God."
Next, Satan took Jesus to the pinnacle of the temple and tempted Him to throw Himself down, challenging Jesus to test God's protection. Again, Jesus quoted Scripture, saying, "You shall not put the Lord your God to the test."
Finally, Satan took Jesus to a high mountain and showed Him all the kingdoms of the world, offering to give them to Him if Jesus would worship him. Jesus rebuked Satan, saying, "Get behind me, Satan! For it is written, 'You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve.'
(5b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Christians can learn the importance of knowing and studying the Bible, as it equips them to recognize and overcome temptations.
(ii) Christians can learn that it is not appropriate to deliberately put ourselves in dangerous situations, expecting God to rescue us miraculously. Instead, we should exercise wisdom, discernment, and faith, trusting in God's guidance and providence.
(iii) Christians can learn that their allegiance should be exclusively directed towards God. They should not be swayed by worldly temptations or false idols but should devote their worship and service to the one true God.
(iv) Christians should actively cultivate their relationship with God through prayer, study of the Scriptures, and reliance on the Holy Spirit, equipping themselves to resist and overcome the schemes of the enemy.
(v) Christians can learn the lesson of exercising self-control and resisting the temptation to seek quick fixes or temporary pleasures that contradict God's will.
(7a)
The believers in the community lived in such a way that the Christians shared their possessions together. Ananias and Sapphira decided to sell a piece of their land but only brought a portion of the money to the Church. This action directly contradicted the communal principles of the Christians. Peter questioned Ananias, asking why he allowed himself to be deceived by the devil and lie to the Holy Spirit. Peter made it clear that the land and its proceeds belonged to God, and it was not within their rights to handle them as they pleased. By publicly declaring that they were giving the entire amount, they had not deceived mere mortals but God Himself. Upon hearing Peter's rebuke, Ananias fell to the ground and died. Later, young men came and carried away his body for burial.
Later, Sapphira, Ananias's wife, arrived at the scene unaware of what had transpired. Peter asked her if they had indeed sold the land for the amount they had presented. She confirmed it. Peter then questioned her why she conspired with her husband to test the Spirit of God. He warned her to listen for the footsteps of those who were about to bury her husband. Immediately after hearing this, she fell down and died. The same young men who had earlier buried her husband took her body away for burial. The news of these events instilled great fear in the Church and all who heard about it.
(7b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Ananias and Sapphira's story teaches us the importance of honesty and integrity in our actions and dealings with others.
(ii) Their story serves as a warning about the dangers of greed and materialism.
(iii) It encourages believers to live with a healthy fear of God and to strive for sincerity and authenticity in their faith
(iv) This story teaches us to approach the work of the Holy Spirit with reverence and respect.
(v) It serves as a reminder that we cannot hide our true selves from God, and He sees and knows everything.
(vi) It teaches us that we are responsible for our choices and will be held accountable for them, both by our fellow believers and by God.
(vii) This serves as a reminder that hypocrisy can have grave consequences both in our relationships with others and in our spiritual journey.
(viii) One can deceive a fellow man, but cannot deceive God who reads the heart of man.
(ix) The Church was established by God and controlled by the Holy Spirit. Members must work in accordance with guidelines set up by the Holy Spirit.
(x) God punishes sin of disobedience and His judgment is certain. We should give with sincerity.
(8a)
In James 1:5-6, it is advised to ask God for wisdom with faith, believing that He will provide it. The passage states, "If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to you. But when you ask, you must believe and not doubt."
James encouraged believers to pray in faith, trusting that God will answer their prayers. In James 1:6, it states, "But when you ask, you must believe and not doubt, because the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind."
James emphasizes the importance of having pure motives when praying. It warns against praying selfishly or with wrong intentions, saying, "When you ask, you do not receive, because you ask with wrong motives, that you may spend what you get on your pleasures."
James also urged Christians to confess their sins to one another and pray for each other, emphasizing the importance of seeking forgiveness and reconciliation. It states, "Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective."
He highlighted the significance of approaching God with humility. In James 4:10, it states, "Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up."
James encouraged believers to be persistent in their prayers. In James 5:16, it mentions the effective prayer of Elijah, who "prayed earnestly that it would not rain, and it did not rain on the land for three and a half years."
(8b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Doubt or lack of belief in the power of prayer can hinder its effectiveness.
(ii) Holding grudges or harboring feelings of resentment towards others
(iii) Praying solely for personal gain or with selfish intentions
(iv) Unconfessed sins
(v) Lack of dedication
(vi) Praying for something that goes against the greater plan or purpose of GOD
(vii) Prideful or arrogant attitude
NUMBER 9
(9a)
Peter advised elders to look after God's flock with tender care. They should work not as being under any external constraint, but willingly; not with the desire to make material gains, but with the eagerness that comes from the heart; not with a presumptuous and domineering spirit but as examples to be copied by the flock, so that at the appropriate time, they might attain the crown of glory.
Peter advised the young ones to be in humble subjection to the leaders, for God humiliates the proud and exalts the humble. However, for both young and old, Peter recommends the humble approach. They should leave all cases of anxiety in the able hands of God. They should, in all soberness, be vigilant against the temptation of the devil who is always around to lead the spiritually weak ones to destruction in hell. Armed with patient faith, they should remember that suffering is part of their Christian calling, knowing that suffering will lead to glory in Christ who has eternal dominion.
(9b)
(i)Pride: People often behave with self-centeredness, ego, and pride.
(ii)Spiritual and Emotional Immaturity: Maturity helps a person understand that differences in perspective broaden understanding.
(iii)Change and Inflexibility: In reality, change is the norm
=====================================
Pick any of the Two
CRS ESSAY
NUMBER 1
(1a)
Moses was born into a Hebrew family during a time when the Israelites were enslaved in Egypt. Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt, had ordered the killing of all Hebrew baby boys to control their population. To save Moses' life, his mother placed him in a basket and set it adrift on the Nile River. The basket was discovered by Pharaoh's daughter, who took Moses as her own and raised him in the Egyptian royal court.
As Moses grew older, he became aware of his Hebrew heritage and felt a deep connection to his people. One day, while witnessing an Egyptian taskmaster mistreating a Hebrew slave, Moses intervened and ended up killing the taskmaster. Fearing the consequences, Moses fled Egypt and found refuge in the land of Midian.
In Midian, Moses came across a well where he saw seven daughters of the priest of Midian, Jethro, attempting to water their father's flock. Some shepherds were harassing them and preventing them from accessing the water. Moses came to their aid, driving away the shepherds and helping the women water their flock.
Impressed by Moses' chivalry and strength, the daughters returned home and told their father, Jethro, about the incident. Jethro invited Moses to their home and offered him hospitality. Moses accepted and stayed with Jethro, working as a shepherd and helping tend Jethro's flocks.
During his time in Midian, Moses developed a close relationship with Jethro's family. Moses' kindness, righteousness, and his encounter with the burning bush, where he received a divine call from God to free the Israelites from bondage, earned him Jethro's respect and trust.
Moses eventually expressed his desire to marry one of Jethro's daughters, Zipporah. Jethro gave his consent, and Zipporah became Moses' wife. They had two sons together, Gershom and Eliezer.
After his marriage, Moses received his divine mission from God to return to Egypt and confront Pharaoh, demanding the release of the Israelites. With Zipporah and their children, Moses embarked on the journey back to Egypt to fulfill his God-given purpose.
(1b)
(i) Persecution: Many people seek asylum due to persecution based on factors such as their race, religion, nationality, political beliefs, or membership in a particular social group. Seeking asylum allows them to escape persecution and find refuge in a country where they can live without fear of harm.
(ii) War and Conflict: Individuals fleeing war-torn regions or areas plagued by armed conflict seek asylum to protect themselves and their families from the perils of war. Seeking asylum provides them with a chance to seek safety and rebuild their lives in a more stable environment.
=====================================
NUMBER 2
(2a)
Solomon, the son of King David, ascended to the throne of Israel and desired to build a magnificent temple for the worship of God in Jerusalem. He sent a message to King Hiram of Tyre, a renowned Phoenician ruler known for his skill in construction and trade. Solomon expressed his admiration for Hiram's expertise and requested his assistance in the construction of the temple.
King Hiram responded positively to Solomon's request and sent his skilled craftsmen, particularly a man named Huram-Abi (also known as Hiram-Abiff), who was half-Israelite and half-Tyrean. Huram-Abi was an expert in working with bronze, and he played a crucial role in the temple's construction.
Furthermore, King Hiram provided Solomon with the necessary materials for the temple. The account in 1 Kings 5:8-11 describes how Hiram sent cedar and cypress logs from Lebanon to Jerusalem. These logs were used for the construction of the temple's structure and its interior decoration.
The relationship between Solomon and Hiram went beyond mere trade and construction. They established a friendly alliance and engaged in peaceful relations. They even exchanged gifts as a symbol of their friendship and cooperation. In 1 Kings 5:12, it is mentioned that Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand cors of wheat and twenty thousand baths of pure oil each year.
The cooperation between Tyre and Israel continued throughout the construction of the temple. Skilled Tyrean workers collaborated with Israelite craftsmen and laborers under Solomon's supervision. The temple gradually took shape and became a splendid edifice, renowned for its grandeur and magnificence.
The diplomatic relations between Tyre and Israel during Solomon's reign were vital in facilitating the construction of the temple. Tyre's contribution of skilled workers and building materials, coupled with the friendly alliance between the two kingdoms, ensured the successful completion of the project. The temple of Solomon stood as a testament to the cooperation between these two nations and served as a central place of worship for the Israelites for centuries to come.
(2b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Diplomatic relations provide a platform for dialogue and negotiations, enabling nations to resolve conflicts peacefully.
(ii) It facilitates economic cooperation between nations such as engaging countries in trade agreements, investment partnerships, and economic collaborations which foster economic growth, create employment opportunities, and enhance prosperity by promoting the exchange of goods, services, and knowledge.
(iii) It fosters cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
(iv) Diplomatic relations enable countries to collaborate on security and defense issues which helps address common security challenges, promoting stability and safeguarding national interests.
(v) Diplomatic relations allow nations to address global challenges collectively
=====================================
NUMBER 3
(3a)
According to the Bible, the events that unfolded in Judah after the death of King Josiah and led to the first deportation of the Jews are described in the books of 2 Kings, 2 Chronicles, and the writings of the prophet Jeremiah.
After the righteous reign of King Josiah, his son Jehoahaz became king. However, he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and Pharaoh Neco of Egypt deposed him after only three months, placing Jehoahaz's brother Jehoiakim on the throne.
Jehoiakim, unlike his father, turned away from the ways of God. He embraced idolatry and led the people of Judah into wickedness. He defied the commands of God and rejected the prophet Jeremiah's warnings of impending judgment.
During Jehoiakim's reign, the Babylonian Empire, under the rule of King Nebuchadnezzar, rose to power. Jehoiakim initially served as a vassal king to Babylon, paying tribute to maintain his position.
However, Jehoiakim eventually rebelled against Babylonian rule. As a result, Nebuchadnezzar sent Chaldean, Aramean, Moabite, and Ammonite troops to invade Judah. Jerusalem was besieged, and Jehoiakim died during the conflict.
Jehoiakim's son, Jehoiachin, succeeded him as king but reigned for only three months and ten days before he too was captured by Nebuchadnezzar's forces. Along with many of the leading citizens, Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon.
This marked the first deportation of the Jews, as thousands of captives from Judah were carried away to Babylon, including royal family members, skilled artisans, and military personnel. The treasures of the Temple in Jerusalem were also plundered and taken to Babylon.
These events fulfilled the prophecies of Jeremiah, who had warned of the coming judgment and captivity of Judah due to their disobedience and idolatry. The exile in Babylon would last for seventy years, as God had foretold through the prophet Jeremiah.
(3b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) High levels of economic inequality, where a significant portion of the population faces poverty, unemployment, or lack of basic resources, can lead to social tensions and unrest.
(ii) Widespread corruption, lack of transparency, and abuse of power by government officials can erode public trust and lead to civil unrest.
(iii) Deep-seated divisions based on ethnicity, religion, or race can escalate into civil unrest if not addressed properly.
(iv) Violations of human rights, such as police brutality, extrajudicial killings, or arbitrary detentions, can ignite widespread anger and fuel civil unrest.
(v) Weak or unstable governance structures, frequent changes in leadership, or ineffective governance can create an environment for civil unrest.
(vi) Severe economic downturns, high unemployment rates, or economic crises can significantly contribute to civil unrest.
(vii) Inadequate access to basic services, such as healthcare, education, clean water, or sanitation, can generate public dissatisfaction and unrest.
=====================================
NUMBER 7
(7a)
The believers' communal living was such that the Christians shared their possessions in common. Ananias and Sapphira sold their own piece of land, but brought only a part of the money to the Church. This was strictly against the spirit of communal life of the Christians. Peter asked Ananias why satan had led him to lie to the Holy Spirit, telling him that the land and the proceeds were theirs and they were free to handle them the way they wished. But by declaring publicly that they were handing over the entire proceeds, they had not lied to man but to God. When Ananias heard these words of rebuke from Peter, he fell down and died. Young men later carried away his body for burial. His wife / Sapphira came in, unaware of what had happened to her husband. Peter asked her whether they had sold the land for the amount surrendered, she affirmed it. Peter asked her why she conspired with her husband to tempt the spirit of God telling her to listen to the approaching footsteps of those who had gone to bury her husband: Immediately she heard this she fell down and died. Her body was carried away by the same young men who had earlier carried her husband for burial. Great fear came upon the Church and upon all who heard the news.
(7b)
(i)Ananias and Sapphira were misguided into thinking that they could serve both God and Mammon at the same time.
(ii)One can deceive a fellow man, but cannot deceive God who reads the heart of man.
(iii) The Church was established by God and controlled by the Holy Spirit. Members must work in accordance with guidelines set up by the Holy Spirit.
(iv) God punishes sin of disobedience and His judgment is certain. We should give with sincerity / honesty.
======================================
NUMBER 9
(9a)
Peter advised elders to look after God's flock with tender care. They should work not as being under any external constraint, but willingly; not with the desire to make material gains, but with the eagerness that comes from the heart; not with a presumptuous and domineering spirit but as examples to be copied by the flock, so that at the appropriate time, they might attain the crown of glory.
Peter advised the young ones to be in humble subjection to the leaders, for God humiliates the proud and exalts the humble. However, for both young and old, Peter recommends the humble approach. They should leave all cases of anxiety in the able hands of God. They should, in all soberness, be vigilant against the temptation of the devil who is always around to lead the spiritually weak ones to destruction in hell. Armed with patient faith, they should remember that suffering is part of their Christian calling, knowing that suffering will lead to glory in Christ who has eternal dominion.
(9b)
(i)Pride: People often behave with self-centeredness, ego, and pride.
(ii)Spiritual and Emotional Immaturity: Maturity helps a person understand that differences in perspective broaden understanding.
(iii)Change and Inflexibility: In reality, change is the norm
Answers Loading===============
Free 2023 WAEC ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS STUDIES (IRS) ESSAY (THEORY) ANSWERS
2023 ISLAMIC STUDIES ESSAY
OR
Version 2
(1a)
Bismillah hir rahman nir raheem
(i) Qul huwal laahu ahad
(ii) Allah hus-samad
(iii) Lam yalid wa lam yoolad
(iv) Wa lam yakul-lahoo kufuwan ahad
(1b)
(i) Say, :The truth is that Allah is One.
(ii) Allah is Besought of all, needing none.
(iii) He neither begot anyone, nor was he begotten.
(iv) And there hath never been co-equal with Him anyone.
(1c)
Surah Al-Ikhlas concisely describes the concept of God in Islam. The religion of Islam presented in the Qur’an is based on the following three doctrines:
(i) Tawheed (belief in the Oneness of Allah)
(ii) Risalat (belief in the Prophets & Messengers of Allah and the teachings that they brought for humanity through Divine revelations)
(iii) Akhirat (belief in the next life after death and in the rewards or punishments in that life based on the deeds performed in this life).
(3)
(i) Abu Bakr was the first Caliph to succeed Prophet Mohammed.
(ii) Helped in the collection of various fragmented verses to make the Quran into a single book.
(iii) Helped to build the mosque of Medina and paid for the land on which it was built
(iv) Helped the prophet Mohammed to fight many jihads (Holy war)
(v) He formed a well-trained army to fight many jihads
(vi) He was a great warrior.
(vii) Taught Muslims the Hajj rites and rituals, e.t.c
(4)
(i) His monumental work inspired generations of scholars of hadith including Imam Muslim who produced authentic book of hadith called Sahih Muslim considered the second best only to Sahih Bukhari in authenticity.
(ii) His book has helped Muslims live their lives as close to the life of the Prophet (S.A.W) as possible.
(iii) He divided his book into different topics each with numerous chapters within it for easy references e.g. “the superiority of extra prayers at night in Ramadhan i.e Taraweh.
(iv) He organized his collection in a way that it can also be used to help deduce rulings within Islamic law.
(iv) He made the study of hadith a science with governing laws that protected the field from innovations and corruptions.
(v) Imam Bukhari analysed each hadith as either sahih, hasan, Mutawatir , ahad, dhaif or maudhu a system that became the standard by which all hadith were classified by other hadith scholars.
(vi) Imam Bukhari studied the lives of narrators to make sure they were trustworthy and would not fabricate or change the wording of a hadith.
(vii) His authentic book of hadith (sahih Bukhari) is the most depended book of hadith immediately after the Holy Qur’an.
(viii) He dedicated his life in compiling a book that would strictly comprise of authentic traditions
(5)
Hadith 9 al-nawawi.
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say:
What I have forbidden for you, avoid. What I have ordered you [to do], do as much of it as you can. For verily, it was only their excessive questioning and disagreeing with their Prophets that destroyed [the nations] who were before you.
Stay Away from What is Prohibited
"What I have forbidden for you, avoid.” We have to follow this command all the time, and in all situations. This order has to be followed except under dire circumstances, such as when one is starving and there is no food available except for some meat that was not properly slaughtered. In conditions other than that of necessity, however, all Muslims have to avoid what is forbidden.
Obligations are According to Ability
"What I have ordered you to do, do as much of it as you can" is an important principle of Islam. The Prophet (saw) is indicating that we won’t be able to do all what is required, but we have to do as much of it as we can. Based upon this principle are countless other rulings. Prayer, for example: the Prophet (saw) said, 'Pray standing; if you are not able to; pray sitting, if you are not able to; pray (while lying) on your side.
NUMBER 1
(1a)
Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem
(i)Qul huwal laahu ahad
(ii)Allah hus-samad
(iii)Lam yalid wa lam yoolad
(iv)Wa lam yakul-lahoo kufuwan ahad
(1b)
In the name of God, the Gracious, the Merciful.
(i)Say, “He is God, the One.
(ii)God, the Absolute.
(iii)He begets not, nor was He begotten.
(iv)And there is nothing comparable to Him.”
(1c)
Surah Al-Ikhlas proclaims the Oneness of Allah and this concept is presented in the first ayah. The second ayah declares that Allah is As-Samad implying that He has all the attributes of perfection. As-Samad is one of the Names of Allah. It means the one Who everybody depends on, but the one who doesn’t depend on anyone, it also indicates that Allah is unlike His creation. The third ayah describes that He was not born nor did He give birth and the last ayah declares that Allah is beyond comparison. Surah Al-Ikhlas directly supports the first pillar of Islam, the shahadah.
Surah al-Ikhlas is one of the first surahs that many Muslims remember learning as a child and this is also true for those who convert to Islam. After a person has learnt the basics of the five daily prayers they are usually anxious to recite the shorter surahs of the Quran in their prayers, and almost always surah Al-Ikhlas is one of them.
Reciting surah Al-Ikhlas may be the means of attaining Paradise and earning Allah’s love. From the ahadith we are able to find some of the many benefits of loving, reciting and living by the principles outlined in this short surah.
Prophet Muhammad sent a man as a leader of an expedition. During the journey, in every prayer he concluded his recitation of the Quran with surah Al-Ikhlas. On their return his companions mentioned this to Prophet Muhammad, who replied, “Ask him why he did so”. When the man was asked, he answered, “In this surah the attributes of the Merciful Allah have been stated; therefore, I love to recite it again and again.” When the Prophet Muhammad heard this reply, he said to the people, “Inform him that Allah holds him in great love and esteem.
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NUMBER 3
Abu Bakr's Contributions to Islam
Caliph Abu Bakr, also known as Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, made significant contributions to Islam during his tenure as the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-634 CE).
Here are some of his notable contributions:
Successor to Prophet Muhammad:
Abu Bakr was chosen as the caliph after the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. He played a crucial role in maintaining the unity of the Muslim community and ensuring a smooth transition of leadership.
Preservation of the Qur'an: Abu Bakr recognized the importance of preserving the Qur'an in its written form. Under his leadership, a committee was formed to collect and compile the scattered verses of the Qur'an into a unified book. This compilation became the basis for the standard Qur'an we have today.
Consolidation of the Muslim State: Abu Bakr faced significant challenges after the death of the Prophet, including rebellions and apostasy. He successfully led military campaigns to suppress these uprisings and reestablish the authority of the Islamic state. This period is known as the Ridda Wars or Wars of Apostasy.
Expansion of Islamic Territories: Abu Bakr initiated military expeditions beyond the Arabian Peninsula to spread the message of Islam and defend the Muslim community. He authorized and supported the military campaigns led by Muslim commanders, such as Khalid ibn al-Walid and Amr ibn al-As. These expeditions resulted in the successful conquest of parts of Byzantine and Sassanian empires, including regions of present-day Iraq, Syria, and Palestine.
Administrative Reforms: Abu Bakr introduced administrative reforms to ensure effective governance of the expanding Muslim state. He established a system of consultation (Shura) to seek the opinions of companions in decision-making. He also appointed capable governors and administrators to oversee newly conquered territories.
Financial and Social Reforms: Abu Bakr implemented policies to address economic and social issues within the Muslim community. He established a public treasury (Bayt al-Mal) to manage the distribution of funds and allocated stipends to support the poor, widows, and orphans. He also emphasized the importance of justice and accountability in society.
Abu Bakr's contributions were instrumental in laying the foundation for the early Islamic state and ensuring the stability and growth of the Muslim community. His leadership and adherence to the principles of Islam set important precedents for future caliphs and leaders within the Islamic world.
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NUMBER 5
(5)
Hadith 9 al-nawawi
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say:
What I have forbidden for you, avoid. What I have ordered you [to do], do as much of it as you can. For verily, it was only their excessive questioning and disagreeing with their Prophets that destroyed [the nations] who were before you.
Stay Away from What is Prohibited
"What I have forbidden for you, avoid.” We have to follow this command all the time, and in all situations. This order has to be followed except under dire circumstances, such as when one is starving and there is no food available except for some meat that was not properly slaughtered. In conditions other than that of necessity, however, all Muslims have to avoid what is forbidden.
Obligations are According to Ability
"What I have ordered you to do, do as much of it as you can" is an important principle of Islam. The Prophet (saw) is indicating that we won’t be able to do all what is required, but we have to do as much of it as we can. Based upon this principle are countless other rulings. Prayer, for example: the Prophet (saw) said, 'Pray standing; if you are not able to; pray sitting, if you are not able to; pray (while lying) on your side.
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