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WAEC May/June 2023 FREE GEOGRAPHY QUESTION AND ANSWER ROOM [School Candidates]
Friday, 2nd June, 2023
2023 WAEC GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL & PHYSICAL ANSWERS
*Geography 3 (Practical and Physical Geography) 3:00 pm – 4:50 pm*
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*QUESTIONS PRACTICAL 6*
(6a)
Climate refers to the long-term average weather conditions of a particular region or area. It is determined by various factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind patterns, and atmospheric pressure, which persist over a significant period, typically for several decades or more.
(6b)
(i) Solar radiation
(ii) Atmospheric composition
(iii) Ocean currents
(iv) Land and water distribution
(v) Altitude and topography
(6c)
(i) High Temperature: Equatorial regions experience consistently high temperatures throughout the year. Average temperatures range between 25 to 30 degrees Celsius (77 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). There is minimal seasonal variation in temperature, and it remains relatively constant year-round.
(ii) High Precipitation: Equatorial regions receive abundant rainfall, resulting in a high level of precipitation. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, with no distinct dry season.
(iii) High Humidity: Equatorial climates are characterized by high humidity levels. The combination of high temperatures and abundant rainfall leads to a significant amount of moisture in the air. Relative humidity often exceeds 80%, creating a warm and moist environment.
(iv) Dense Vegetation: The equatorial climate fosters the growth of lush and diverse vegetation, including tropical rainforests. The consistent warmth, ample rainfall, and high humidity provide ideal conditions for the growth of a wide variety of plant species. The dense vegetation contributes to the rich biodiversity found in equatorial regions.
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QUESTIONS PRACTICAL 7
(7a)
weathering: Weathering is the disintegration or decomposition of rocks in situ by physical, chemical or biological processes
(7bi)
Frost action; weathering is an umbrella term used to describe mechanical weathering processes that break down rock from freezing and thawing action. It includes frost wedging, frost shattering, and cryofracturing, all terms that incorporate this process.
(7bii)
Exfoliation; If a large intrusion is brought to the surface through tectonic uplift and the erosion of overlying rocks, the confining pressure above the intrusion has been released, but the pressure underneath is still being exerted, forcing the rock to expand.
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QUESTIONS PRACTICAL 8
(8a)
Solar energy refers to the radiant energy emitted by the Sun, which can be harnesses and converted into useful forms of energy such as heat and electricity using photovoltaic cells or solar thermal collectors.
(8b)
(i) Renewable and Sustainable: Solar energy is a clean and abundant source of energy that does not deplete natural resources and does not emit harmful pollutants into the environment. This makes it a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source.
(ii) Cost-effective: Once installed, solar energy systems require very little maintenance or operating costs. As the cost of solar technology continues to decrease, it has become increasingly affordable for individuals and businesses to invest in solar energy systems.
(iii) Energy Independence: Solar energy provides a level of energy independence that is not possible with traditional fossil fuel-based energy sources. It allows individuals and communities to generate their own power and reduces their dependence on centralized power grids.
(8c)
(i) Intermittent Energy Source: Solar energy is an intermittent energy source, meaning it is only available during daylight hours and may vary depending on weather conditions. Energy storage systems such as batteries or pumped hydro storage can be used to overcome this challenge and provide a continuous flow of energy.
(ii) High Initial Costs: Although solar energy is cost-effective in the long run, the initial investment required to install solar panels and other equipment can be high, which may deter some individuals or businesses from investing in solar energy systems.
(iii) Land Use and Environmental Impact: Solar energy systems require a significant amount of land to generate large amounts of electricity, which can potentially impact natural habitats and wildlife. Additionally, the production and disposal of solar panels and other equipment can have environmental impacts if not properly managed
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2023 WAEC GEOGRAPHY OBJECTIVES (OBJ) ANSWERS
Geography-Obj
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2023 WAEC GENERAL GEOGRAPHY ESSAY/ THEORY ANSWERS:
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 🌎
NUMBER 1
(1a)
(i) Shortage Of Raw Materials: Lack of sufficient raw materials available to industries hinders large scale production.
(ii) Political Instability: Frequent changes in governments and incessant civil wars in african countries discourage foreign investors.
(iii) Inadequate skilled man-power: Skilled man-power required for high industrial growth is grossly inadequate in developing countries.
(iv) Poor Management: Corruption, embezzlement and negligence of duty are very common in developed countries and these are indicators of poor management.
(v) Competition from foreign goods: Because of the high quality of foreign goods other industries usually not be patronised.
(1b)
(i) Acquisition of Skills: Skills should be acquired by people through regular training.
(ii) Good government policies: There should be good government policies to protect the industries.
(iii) Establishment of more power plants: Power plants such as thermal electricity plants should be established to boost power supply to industries.
(iv) Increase in wages/salaries of workers: There should be increase in wages/salaries of workers in industries to boost their morales and increase productivity.
(v) Creation of Industrial Zones: These will also provide conducive environment with all the infrastructure facilities for industrialization.
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NUMBER 2
2a. Five characteristics of rural settlements in tropical Africa:
1. Agricultural economy: Rural settlements in tropical Africa are predominantly agrarian, with agriculture being the primary economic activity. People rely on subsistence farming, livestock rearing, and small-scale agricultural production for their livelihoods.
2. Traditional housing: Rural settlements often have traditional housing structures made of locally available materials such as mud, thatch, or wood. These structures are designed to suit the local climate and cultural preferences.
3. Limited infrastructure: Rural settlements in tropical Africa often lack adequate infrastructure compared to urban areas. Basic amenities like electricity, clean water supply, healthcare facilities, and transportation networks may be limited or lacking altogether.
4. Close-knit communities: Rural settlements typically have close-knit communities with strong social ties and communal values. People often live in extended family units and engage in collective activities such as farming, celebrations, and community decision-making.
5. Limited access to services: Due to their remote locations, rural settlements may have limited access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and government institutions. Access to quality education and healthcare facilities may be inadequate, resulting in challenges for rural residents.
2b. Five ways in which rural settlements depend on urban settlements:
1. Market access: Rural settlements rely on urban settlements as market centers for selling their agricultural produce and acquiring necessary goods and services that are not available locally. Urban centers act as economic hubs where rural farmers can sell their surplus produce and purchase items they cannot produce themselves.
2. Supply of goods and services: Rural settlements depend on urban settlements for the supply of goods and services that are not available in rural areas. This includes items like machinery, fertilizers, construction materials, healthcare services, and educational resources.
3. Employment opportunities: Many rural inhabitants depend on urban settlements for employment opportunities. People may migrate from rural areas to urban areas in search of better job prospects and higher wages, particularly in non-agricultural sectors such as manufacturing, construction, and services.
4. Transportation and connectivity: Rural settlements often rely on urban centers for transportation and connectivity. Urban areas typically have better road networks, public transportation systems, and access to telecommunications infrastructure. Rural residents may travel to urban areas for education, healthcare, and to connect with wider social networks.
5. Government services and administration: Rural settlements often depend on urban settlements for government services and administration. Government offices, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and other essential services are usually concentrated in urban areas. Rural residents may need to travel to urban centers to access these services or engage with government institutions.
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NUMBER 3
(3)
(CHOOSE ANY BEST 4)
(i) Rail transportation is the most convenient means of transportation bulky goods (raw amd manufactured goods) to and from industrial areas.
(ii) It is very cheap in the transportation of people and goods from place to place.
(iii) It helps to open up new land which is potentially good for minerals and agricultural crops.
(iv) Rail Transportation provides a means of bringing bulky imported goods from the ports into the interior of the country.
(v) Create access to parts of the country which are far from navigable waterways.
(3b)
(CHOOSE ANY BEST 3)
(i) Lack of spare parts, narrow gauges with single tracks.
(ii) Lack of technical know-how and poor maintenance.
(iii) Inadequate Financing or Funding.
(iv) It had very low patronage and high competition with not her forms of transport.
(3c)
(i) Spare parts should be made available always.
(ii) People should be trained on rail maintenance.
(iii) Rail Transportation should be properly funded.
(iv) Railway fare should be cheap enough to attract passenger
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NUMBER 4
(4a) Internal Trade also know as Domestic trade is the type of trade which involves the buying and selling or exchange of goods and services within the country.
(4b)
(CHOOSE ANY BEST 5)
(i) Low technology generally does not improve internal trade.
(ii) Inter communal strife or political instability do slow down internal trade.
(iii) Similarity of products for limit internal trade in nigeria.
(iv) Smuggling of products to neighboring countries thereby, causing artificial scarcity limit internal trade.
(v) High Rate of rural-urban migrations.
(vi) High level of pests and diseases attack on crops, leading to low harvest.
(vii) Unfavorable climate which can lead to low yield and harvest.
(4c)
(CHOOSE ANY BEST 4)
(i) Fosters regional Cooperation: Internal trade fosters regional cooperation.
(ii) Provision of Job Opportunity: It also provides employment to many people involved in trade.
(iii) Growth of Ancillary Services: Internal trade emails the growth of ancillary services like agro-allied industry and banking.
(iv) Provision of raw materials: Internal trade provides raw materials for industries e.g. tomato juice/paste.
(v) Source of Income: Internal trade provides income to individuals and the nation.
(vi) Diffusion of Ideas: Internal trade also promotes the diffusion of ideas when people from different regions come together.
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GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL AND PHYSICAL
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